David Pilling |
By
David Pilling
Beijing’s build-up is leading rivals
to follow suit, a trend likely to gather pace in coming years
Everyone knows about China’s arms build-up. Beijing’s defence
budget has risen eightfold in 20 years. In that time it has become comfortably
the world’s second-biggest spender on the military. In 2012, the country
accounted for nearly 10 per cent of global expenditure, according to the Stockholm
International Peace Research Institute, which monitors defence spending. That
was more than Russia and the UK combined, although only a quarter of what the
supposedly cash-strapped US laid out on its armed forces, according to official
figures.
Less understood, however, is the
effect China’s military build-up is having on Asia as a whole. In 2012, for the
first year in modern times, Asian states spent more on defence than European
ones. From India to South Korea and from Vietnam to Malaysia, governments in
the region are ramping up defence spending. Even pacifist Japan, which for
years has been cutting its defence outlays, has recently started to reverse the
trend as it reorients its defence posture towards what it perceives as a
growing Chinese threat.